(1) Assess the reasons for the creation of the state of Israel.

(2) Compare and contrast the reasons for the Arab–Israeli wars of 1948–49, 1967 and 1973.

(3) Assess the consequences of the 1973 Yom Kippur war.

(4) To what extent did the presidential rule of Nasser have a negative impact on the Arab world to 1981?

(5) To what extent was Nasser a more successful president of Egypt than Sadat?

(6) Explain why it took so long for the Palestinian question to be resolved.

(7) To what extent was the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979 the most important reason for the Iran–Iraq war (1980–88)?

(8) Assess the consequences of the Iran–Iraq war (1980–88) to 2003.

(9) Explain why Western powers intervened in Iraq in the period from 1991 to 2003.