Mark Scheme

L1:

The answer is descriptive and only loosely linked to the question, or there is comment but with little support. It is likely to be assertive and generalised. [1–2 marks]

L2:

There will be some relevant knowledge and understanding, but the answer will be mainly descriptive about the events leading to the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; or explanations will show limited range and/or depth. [3–6 marks]

L3:

Answers will show good understanding, with relevant explanations (at least two developed ones) of why Truman took the decision he did, using appropriate knowledge, although the answer may not cover all aspects. [7–9 marks]

L4:

The answer will be well focused on the issue of why it was felt necessary to use the atom bomb, with a range of explanations, backed up with precise evidence and probably a good awareness of links/connections or skilful differentiation between various factors.   [10–12 marks]