Mark Scheme

L1:

The answer is descriptive, only loosely linked to the question, or it is an explicit answer with little or no effective support. The answer is likely to be generalised and possibly assertive rather than argued. [1–6 marks]

L2:

The answer shows some understanding of the wrong turnings taken by US policymakers up to 1965. It may be predominantly descriptive about the escalation of US support for the South, with some links to the question, or it may have explicit links with relevant but limited support. [7–11 marks]

L3:

The answer shows understanding of the context of US policy. There will be some assessment, supported by relevant and well-selected knowledge, although there will probably be a lack of weight of detail and/or balance. There will be some understanding of interpretations. [12–16 marks]

L4:

There is explicit understanding of the causes of policy errors and some evaluation of their importance in relation to other factors. A balanced argument will be supported by good use of evidence and understanding of interpretations.
[17–21 marks]

L5:

The answers will be well focused and closely argued. The arguments about the responsibility for policy failures will be supported by precisely chosen evidence leading to a relevant conclusion/judgement, incorporating a well-developed understanding of interpretations and debate. [22–24 marks]